might as well do this

src/os/linux.cpp

@@ -1,29 +1,28 @@
 #ifdef __linux__
 
 // clang-format off
-#include <cstring>                          // std::strlen
-#include <dbus/dbus.h>
-#include <expected>                         // std::{unexpected, expected}
-#include <format>                           // std::{format, format_to_n}
-#include <fstream>                          // std::ifstream
-#include <climits>                          // PATH_MAX
-#include <limits>                           // std::numeric_limits
-#include <string>                           // std::{getline, string (String)}
-#include <string_view>                      // std::string_view (StringView)
-#include <sys/socket.h>                     // ucred, getsockopt, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED
-#include <sys/statvfs.h>                    // statvfs
-#include <sys/sysinfo.h>                    // sysinfo
-#include <sys/utsname.h>                    // utsname, uname
-#include <unistd.h>                         // readlink
+#include <cstring>       // std::strlen
+#include <dbus/dbus.h>   // DBus::{DBusConnection, DBusMessage, DBusMessageIter, etc.}
+#include <expected>      // std::{unexpected, expected}
+#include <format>        // std::{format, format_to_n}
+#include <fstream>       // std::ifstream
+#include <limits>        // std::numeric_limits
+#include <string>        // std::{getline, string (String)}
+#include <string_view>   // std::string_view (StringView)
+#include <sys/socket.h>  // ucred, getsockopt, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED
+#include <sys/statvfs.h> // statvfs
+#include <sys/sysinfo.h> // sysinfo
+#include <sys/utsname.h> // utsname, uname
+#include <unistd.h>      // readlink
 
 #include "src/core/util/helpers.hpp"
 #include "src/core/util/logging.hpp"
-
+#include "src/wrappers/dbus.hpp"
 #include "src/wrappers/wayland.hpp"
 #include "src/wrappers/xcb.hpp"
 
-#include "os.hpp"
 #include "linux/pkg_count.hpp"
+#include "os.hpp"
 // clang-format on
 
 using namespace util::types;
@@ -179,81 +178,6 @@ namespace {
 
     return String(compositorNameView);
   }
-
-  #pragma clang diagnostic push
-  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
-  fn GetMprisPlayers(DBusConnection* connection) -> Vec<String> {
-    Vec<String> mprisPlayers;
-    DBusError   err;
-    dbus_error_init(&err);
-
-    // Create a method call to org.freedesktop.DBus.ListNames
-    DBusMessage* msg = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-      "org.freedesktop.DBus",  // target service
-      "/org/freedesktop/DBus", // object path
-      "org.freedesktop.DBus",  // interface name
-      "ListNames"              // method name
-    );
-
-    if (!msg) {
-      debug_log("Failed to create message for ListNames.");
-      return mprisPlayers;
-    }
-
-    // Send the message and block until we get a reply.
-    DBusMessage* reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, msg, -1, &err);
-    dbus_message_unref(msg);
-
-    if (dbus_error_is_set(&err)) {
-      debug_log("DBus error in ListNames: {}", err.message);
-      dbus_error_free(&err);
-      return mprisPlayers;
-    }
-
-    if (!reply) {
-      debug_log("No reply received for ListNames.");
-      return mprisPlayers;
-    }
-
-    // The expected reply signature is "as" (an array of strings)
-    DBusMessageIter iter;
-
-    if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter)) {
-      debug_log("Reply has no arguments.");
-      dbus_message_unref(reply);
-      return mprisPlayers;
-    }
-
-    if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-      debug_log("Reply argument is not an array.");
-      dbus_message_unref(reply);
-      return mprisPlayers;
-    }
-
-    // Iterate over the array of strings
-    DBusMessageIter subIter;
-    dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &subIter);
-
-    while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&subIter) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
-      if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&subIter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
-        const char* name = nullptr;
-        dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&subIter, static_cast<void*>(&name));
-        if (name && std::string_view(name).contains("org.mpris.MediaPlayer2"))
-          mprisPlayers.emplace_back(name);
-      }
-      dbus_message_iter_next(&subIter);
-    }
-
-    dbus_message_unref(reply);
-    return mprisPlayers;
-  }
-  #pragma clang diagnostic pop
-
-  fn GetActivePlayer(const Vec<String>& mprisPlayers) -> Option<String> {
-    if (!mprisPlayers.empty())
-      return mprisPlayers.front();
-    return None;
-  }
 } // namespace
 
 namespace os {
@@ -306,166 +230,134 @@ namespace os {
     return info.totalram * info.mem_unit;
   }
 
-  #pragma clang diagnostic push
-  #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
   fn GetNowPlaying() -> Result<MediaInfo, DraconisError> {
-    DBusError err;
-    dbus_error_init(&err);
+    Result<dbus::ConnectionGuard, DraconisError> connectionResult = dbus::BusGet(DBUS_BUS_SESSION);
 
-    // Connect to the session bus
-    DBusConnection* connection = dbus_bus_get(DBUS_BUS_SESSION, &err);
+    if (!connectionResult)
+      return Err(connectionResult.error());
 
-    if (!connection)
-      if (dbus_error_is_set(&err)) {
-        error_log("DBus connection error: {}", err.message);
+    dbus::ConnectionGuard& connection = *connectionResult;
 
-        DraconisError error = DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ApiUnavailable, err.message);
-        dbus_error_free(&err);
+    Option<String> activePlayer = None;
 
-        return Err(error);
+    {
+      Result<dbus::MessageGuard, DraconisError> listNamesResult = dbus::MessageNewMethodCall(
+        "org.freedesktop.DBus", "/org/freedesktop/DBus", "org.freedesktop.DBus", "ListNames"
+      );
+      if (!listNamesResult)
+        return Err(listNamesResult.error());
+
+      dbus::MessageGuard& listNames = *listNamesResult;
+
+      Result<dbus::MessageGuard, DraconisError> listNamesReplyResult =
+        dbus::ConnectionSendWithReplyAndBlock(connection, listNames, 100);
+
+      if (!listNamesReplyResult)
+        return Err(listNamesReplyResult.error());
+
+      dbus::MessageGuard& listNamesReply = *listNamesReplyResult;
+
+      dbus::MessageIter iter;
+
+      if (dbus::MessageIterInit(listNamesReply, &iter) && dbus::MessageIterGetArgType(&iter) == DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+        dbus::MessageIter subIter;
+        dbus::MessageIterRecurse(&iter, &subIter);
+
+        while (dbus::MessageIterGetArgType(&subIter) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
+          if (Option<String> name = dbus::MessageIterGetString(&subIter))
+            if (name->find("org.mpris.MediaPlayer2") != String::npos) {
+              activePlayer = std::move(*name);
+              break;
+            }
+
+          dbus::MessageIterNext(&subIter);
+        }
+      } else {
+        return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ParseError, "Invalid DBus ListNames reply format"));
       }
-
-    Vec<String> mprisPlayers = GetMprisPlayers(connection);
-
-    if (mprisPlayers.empty()) {
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
-      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::NotFound, "No MPRIS players found"));
     }
 
-    Option<String> activePlayer = GetActivePlayer(mprisPlayers);
+    if (!activePlayer)
+      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::NotFound, "No active MPRIS players found"));
 
-    if (!activePlayer.has_value()) {
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
-      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::NotFound, "No active MPRIS player found"));
-    }
-
-    // Prepare a call to the Properties.Get method to fetch "Metadata"
-    DBusMessage* msg = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-      activePlayer->c_str(),             // target service (active player)
-      "/org/mpris/MediaPlayer2",         // object path
-      "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", // interface
-      "Get"                              // method name
+    Result<dbus::MessageGuard, DraconisError> msgResult = dbus::MessageNewMethodCall(
+      activePlayer->c_str(), "/org/mpris/MediaPlayer2", "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Get"
     );
 
-    if (!msg) {
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
-      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::InternalError, "Failed to create DBus message"));
-    }
+    if (!msgResult)
+      return Err(msgResult.error());
 
-    const char* interfaceName = "org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.Player";
-    const char* propertyName  = "Metadata";
+    dbus::MessageGuard& msg = *msgResult;
 
-    if (!dbus_message_append_args(
-          msg, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interfaceName, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &propertyName, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID
-        )) {
-      dbus_message_unref(msg);
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
+    if (!dbus::MessageAppendArgs(
+          msg, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.Player", DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "Metadata", DBUS_TYPE_INVALID
+        ))
       return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::InternalError, "Failed to append arguments to DBus message"));
-    }
 
-    // Call the method and block until reply is received.
-    DBusMessage* reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, msg, -1, &err);
-    dbus_message_unref(msg);
+    Result<dbus::MessageGuard, DraconisError> replyResult =
+      dbus::ConnectionSendWithReplyAndBlock(connection, msg, 100);
 
-    if (dbus_error_is_set(&err)) {
-      error_log("DBus error in Properties.Get: {}", err.message);
+    if (!replyResult)
+      return Err(replyResult.error());
 
-      DraconisError error = DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ApiUnavailable, err.message);
-      dbus_error_free(&err);
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
+    dbus::MessageGuard& reply = *replyResult;
 
-      return Err(error);
-    }
+    Option<String> title  = None;
+    Option<String> artist = None;
 
-    if (!reply) {
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
-      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ApiUnavailable, "No reply received for Properties.Get"));
-    }
+    dbus::MessageIter propIter;
+    if (!dbus::MessageIterInit(reply, &propIter))
+      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ParseError, "Properties.Get reply has no arguments"));
 
-    // The reply should contain a variant holding a dictionary ("a{sv}")
-    DBusMessageIter iter;
+    if (dbus::MessageIterGetArgType(&propIter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
+      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ParseError, "Properties.Get reply argument is not a variant"));
 
-    if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter)) {
-      dbus_message_unref(reply);
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
-      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::InternalError, "Reply has no arguments"));
-    }
+    dbus::MessageIter variantIter;
+    dbus::MessageIterRecurse(&propIter, &variantIter);
 
-    if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
-      dbus_message_unref(reply);
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
-      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::InternalError, "Reply argument is not a variant"));
-    }
+    if (dbus::MessageIterGetArgType(&variantIter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
+        dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&variantIter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)
+      return Err(
+        DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ParseError, "Metadata variant content is not a dictionary array (a{sv})")
+      );
 
-    // Recurse into the variant to get the dictionary
-    DBusMessageIter variantIter;
-    dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &variantIter);
+    dbus::MessageIter dictIter;
+    dbus::MessageIterRecurse(&variantIter, &dictIter);
 
-    if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&variantIter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-      dbus_message_unref(reply);
-      dbus_connection_unref(connection);
-      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::InternalError, "Variant argument is not an array"));
-    }
+    while (dbus::MessageIterGetArgType(&dictIter) == DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
+      dbus::MessageIter entryIter;
+      dbus::MessageIterRecurse(&dictIter, &entryIter);
 
-    String          title;
-    String          artist;
-    DBusMessageIter arrayIter;
-    dbus_message_iter_recurse(&variantIter, &arrayIter);
+      Option<String> key = dbus::MessageIterGetString(&entryIter);
 
-    // Iterate over each dictionary entry (each entry is of type dict entry)
-    while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&arrayIter) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
-      if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&arrayIter) == DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
-        DBusMessageIter dictEntry;
-        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&arrayIter, &dictEntry);
-
-        // Get the key (a string)
-        const char* key = nullptr;
-
-        if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&dictEntry) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
-          dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&dictEntry, static_cast<void*>(&key));
-
-        // Move to the value (a variant)
-        dbus_message_iter_next(&dictEntry);
-
-        if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&dictEntry) == DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
-          DBusMessageIter valueIter;
-          dbus_message_iter_recurse(&dictEntry, &valueIter);
-
-          if (key && std::string_view(key) == "xesam:title") {
-            if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&valueIter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
-              const char* val = nullptr;
-              dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&valueIter, static_cast<void*>(&val));
-
-              if (val)
-                title = val;
-            }
-          } else if (key && std::string_view(key) == "xesam:artist") {
-            // Expect an array of strings
-            if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&valueIter) == DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
-              DBusMessageIter subIter;
-              dbus_message_iter_recurse(&valueIter, &subIter);
-
-              if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&subIter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
-                const char* val = nullptr;
-                dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&subIter, static_cast<void*>(&val));
-
-                if (val)
-                  artist = val;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
+      if (!key) {
+        dbus::MessageIterNext(&dictIter);
+        continue;
       }
 
-      dbus_message_iter_next(&arrayIter);
+      if (!dbus::MessageIterNext(&entryIter) || dbus::MessageIterGetArgType(&entryIter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
+        dbus::MessageIterNext(&dictIter);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      dbus::MessageIter valueVariantIter;
+      dbus::MessageIterRecurse(&entryIter, &valueVariantIter);
+
+      if (*key == "xesam:title")
+        title = dbus::MessageIterGetString(&valueVariantIter);
+      else if (*key == "xesam:artist")
+        if (dbus::MessageIterGetArgType(&valueVariantIter) == DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY &&
+            dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&valueVariantIter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
+          dbus::MessageIter artistArrayIter;
+          dbus::MessageIterRecurse(&valueVariantIter, &artistArrayIter);
+          artist = dbus::MessageIterGetString(&artistArrayIter);
+        }
+
+      dbus::MessageIterNext(&dictIter);
     }
 
-    dbus_message_unref(reply);
-    dbus_connection_unref(connection);
-
-    return MediaInfo(artist, title);
+    return MediaInfo(std::move(title), std::move(artist));
   }
-  #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 
   fn GetWindowManager() -> Option<String> {
     if (Result<String, DraconisError> waylandResult = GetWaylandCompositor())

src/os/linux/pkg_count.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#ifdef __linux__
+
+// clang-format off
 #include "src/os/linux/pkg_count.hpp"
 
 #include <SQLiteCpp/SQLiteCpp.h>
@@ -9,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include "src/core/util/logging.hpp"
 #include "src/core/util/types.hpp"
+// clang-format on
 
 using util::error::DraconisError, util::error::DraconisErrorCode;
 using util::types::u64, util::types::i64, util::types::Result, util::types::Err, util::types::String,
@@ -199,10 +203,9 @@ namespace {
             cacheTimePoint.time_since_epoch() >= dbModTime.time_since_epoch()) {
           // Use cacheTimePoint for logging as well
           debug_log(
-            "Using valid {} package count cache (DB file unchanged since {}). Count: {}",
+            "Using valid {} package count cache (DB file unchanged since {}).",
             pmId,
-            std::format("{:%F %T %Z}", floor<seconds>(cacheTimePoint)), // Format the time_point
-            count
+            std::format("{:%F %T %Z}", floor<seconds>(cacheTimePoint))
           );
           return count;
         }
@@ -338,3 +341,5 @@ namespace os::linux {
     return totalCount;
   }
 } // namespace os::linux
+
+#endif // __linux__

src/os/linux/pkg_count.hpp

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#ifdef __linux__
+
+// clang-format off
 #include <filesystem>
 
 #include "src/core/util/defs.hpp"
 #include "src/core/util/error.hpp"
 #include "src/core/util/types.hpp"
+// clang-format on
 
 namespace os::linux {
   using util::error::DraconisError;
@@ -52,3 +56,5 @@ namespace os::linux {
   // Get total package count from all available package managers
   fn GetTotalPackageCount() -> Result<u64, DraconisError>;
 } // namespace os::linux
+
+#endif // __linux__

src/wrappers/dbus.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __linux__
+
+// clang-format off
+#include <dbus/dbus.h> // DBus Library
+#include <utility>     // std::exchange
+#include <format>      // std::format
+#include <cstdarg>     // va_list, va_start, va_end
+
+#include "src/core/util/defs.hpp"
+#include "src/core/util/error.hpp"
+#include "src/core/util/types.hpp"
+// clang-format on
+
+namespace dbus {
+  using util::error::DraconisError, util::error::DraconisErrorCode;
+  using util::types::Option, util::types::Result, util::types::Err, util::types::String, util::types::i32,
+    util::types::None;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief RAII wrapper for DBusError. Automatically initializes and frees.
+   */
+  class ErrorGuard {
+    DBusError m_Err {};
+    bool      m_IsInitialized = false;
+
+   public:
+    ErrorGuard() : m_IsInitialized(true) { dbus_error_init(&m_Err); }
+
+    ~ErrorGuard() {
+      if (m_IsInitialized)
+        dbus_error_free(&m_Err);
+    }
+
+    ErrorGuard(const ErrorGuard&)                = delete;
+    fn operator=(const ErrorGuard&)->ErrorGuard& = delete;
+
+    ErrorGuard(ErrorGuard&& other) noexcept : m_Err(other.m_Err), m_IsInitialized(other.m_IsInitialized) {
+      other.m_IsInitialized = false;
+      dbus_error_init(&other.m_Err);
+    }
+
+    fn operator=(ErrorGuard&& other) noexcept -> ErrorGuard& {
+      if (this != &other) {
+        if (m_IsInitialized) {
+          dbus_error_free(&m_Err);
+        }
+        m_Err           = other.m_Err;
+        m_IsInitialized = other.m_IsInitialized;
+
+        other.m_IsInitialized = false;
+        dbus_error_init(&other.m_Err);
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn isSet() const -> bool { return m_IsInitialized && dbus_error_is_set(&m_Err); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn message() const -> const char* { return isSet() ? m_Err.message : ""; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn name() const -> const char* { return isSet() ? m_Err.name : ""; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn get() -> DBusError* { return &m_Err; }
+    [[nodiscard]] fn get() const -> const DBusError* { return &m_Err; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn toDraconisError(const DraconisErrorCode code = DraconisErrorCode::PlatformSpecific) const
+      -> DraconisError {
+      if (isSet())
+        return { code, std::format("D-Bus Error: {} ({})", message(), name()) };
+
+      return { DraconisErrorCode::InternalError, "Attempted to convert non-set DBusErrorGuard" };
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @brief RAII wrapper for DBusConnection. Automatically unrefs.
+   */
+  class ConnectionGuard {
+    DBusConnection* m_Conn = nullptr;
+
+   public:
+    explicit ConnectionGuard(DBusConnection* conn = nullptr) : m_Conn(conn) {}
+
+    ~ConnectionGuard() {
+      if (m_Conn)
+        dbus_connection_unref(m_Conn);
+    }
+
+    ConnectionGuard(const ConnectionGuard&)                = delete;
+    fn operator=(const ConnectionGuard&)->ConnectionGuard& = delete;
+
+    ConnectionGuard(ConnectionGuard&& other) noexcept : m_Conn(std::exchange(other.m_Conn, nullptr)) {}
+    fn operator=(ConnectionGuard&& other) noexcept -> ConnectionGuard& {
+      if (this != &other) {
+        if (m_Conn)
+          dbus_connection_unref(m_Conn);
+        m_Conn = std::exchange(other.m_Conn, nullptr);
+      }
+
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn get() const -> DBusConnection* { return m_Conn; }
+    explicit         operator bool() const { return m_Conn != nullptr; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn release() -> DBusConnection* { return std::exchange(m_Conn, nullptr); }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @brief RAII wrapper for DBusMessage. Automatically unrefs.
+   */
+  class MessageGuard {
+    DBusMessage* m_Msg = nullptr;
+
+   public:
+    explicit MessageGuard(DBusMessage* msg = nullptr) : m_Msg(msg) {}
+
+    ~MessageGuard() {
+      if (m_Msg)
+        dbus_message_unref(m_Msg);
+    }
+
+    MessageGuard(const MessageGuard&)                = delete;
+    fn operator=(const MessageGuard&)->MessageGuard& = delete;
+
+    MessageGuard(MessageGuard&& other) noexcept : m_Msg(std::exchange(other.m_Msg, nullptr)) {}
+    fn operator=(MessageGuard&& other) noexcept -> MessageGuard& {
+      if (this != &other) {
+        if (m_Msg)
+          dbus_message_unref(m_Msg);
+        m_Msg = std::exchange(other.m_Msg, nullptr);
+      }
+
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn get() const -> DBusMessage* { return m_Msg; }
+    explicit         operator bool() const { return m_Msg != nullptr; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] fn release() -> DBusMessage* { return std::exchange(m_Msg, nullptr); }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Connects to a D-Bus bus type.
+   * @param bus_type The type of bus (e.g., DBUS_BUS_SESSION, DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM).
+   * @return Result containing a DBusConnectionGuard on success, or DraconisError on failure.
+   */
+  inline fn BusGet(const DBusBusType bus_type) -> Result<ConnectionGuard, DraconisError> {
+    ErrorGuard      err;
+    DBusConnection* rawConn = dbus_bus_get(bus_type, err.get());
+
+    if (err.isSet())
+      return Err(err.toDraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ApiUnavailable));
+
+    if (!rawConn)
+      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ApiUnavailable, "dbus_bus_get returned null without setting error"));
+
+    return ConnectionGuard(rawConn);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Creates a new D-Bus method call message.
+   * @param destination Service name (e.g., "org.freedesktop.Notifications").
+   * @param path Object path (e.g., "/org/freedesktop/Notifications").
+   * @param interface Interface name (e.g., "org.freedesktop.Notifications").
+   * @param method Method name (e.g., "Notify").
+   * @return Result containing a DBusMessageGuard on success, or DraconisError on failure.
+   */
+  inline fn MessageNewMethodCall(const char* destination, const char* path, const char* interface, const char* method)
+    -> Result<MessageGuard, DraconisError> {
+    DBusMessage* rawMsg = dbus_message_new_method_call(destination, path, interface, method);
+    if (!rawMsg)
+      return Err(DraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::InternalError, "dbus_message_new_method_call failed (allocation?)"));
+
+    return MessageGuard(rawMsg);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Sends a message and waits for a reply.
+   * @param connection The D-Bus connection guard.
+   * @param message The D-Bus message guard to send.
+   * @param timeout_milliseconds Timeout duration.
+   * @return Result containing the reply DBusMessageGuard on success, or DraconisError on failure.
+   */
+  inline fn ConnectionSendWithReplyAndBlock(
+    const ConnectionGuard& connection,
+    const MessageGuard&    message,
+    const i32              timeout_milliseconds = 100
+  ) -> Result<MessageGuard, DraconisError> {
+    ErrorGuard   err;
+    DBusMessage* rawReply =
+      dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection.get(), message.get(), timeout_milliseconds, err.get());
+
+    if (err.isSet())
+      return Err(err.toDraconisError(DraconisErrorCode::ApiUnavailable));
+
+    if (!rawReply)
+      return Err(DraconisError(
+        DraconisErrorCode::ApiUnavailable,
+        "dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block returned null without setting error"
+      ));
+
+    return MessageGuard(rawReply);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Appends arguments to a D-Bus message using varargs.
+   * @param message The message guard.
+   * @param first_arg_type The D-Bus type code of the first argument.
+   * @param ... Subsequent arguments (type code, value pointer, type code, value pointer...).
+   * End with DBUS_TYPE_INVALID.
+   * @return True on success, false on failure (e.g., allocation error).
+   */
+  inline fn MessageAppendArgs(const MessageGuard& message, const int first_arg_type, ...) -> bool {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, first_arg_type);
+    const bool result = dbus_message_append_args_valist(message.get(), first_arg_type, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  using MessageIter = DBusMessageIter;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Initializes a message iterator.
+   * @param message The message guard.
+   * @param iter Pointer to the iterator to initialize.
+   * @return True if iterator is valid, false otherwise.
+   */
+  inline fn MessageIterInit(const MessageGuard& message, MessageIter* iter) -> bool {
+    return dbus_message_iter_init(message.get(), iter);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Recurses into a container-type argument.
+   * @param iter The current iterator.
+   * @param sub_iter Pointer to the sub-iterator to initialize.
+   */
+  inline fn MessageIterRecurse(MessageIter* iter, MessageIter* sub_iter) -> void {
+    dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, sub_iter);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Gets the D-Bus type code of the current argument.
+   * @param iter The iterator.
+   * @return The type code (e.g., DBUS_TYPE_STRING, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID).
+   */
+  inline fn MessageIterGetArgType(MessageIter* iter) -> int { return dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter); }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Gets the value of a basic-typed argument.
+   * @param iter The iterator.
+   * @param value Pointer to store the retrieved value. Must match the argument type.
+   */
+  inline fn MessageIterGetBasic(MessageIter* iter, void* value) -> void { dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, value); }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Advances the iterator to the next argument.
+   * @param iter The iterator.
+   * @return True if successful, false if at the end.
+   */
+  inline fn MessageIterNext(MessageIter* iter) -> bool { return dbus_message_iter_next(iter); }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Helper to safely get a string argument from an iterator.
+   * @param iter The iterator positioned at a DBUS_TYPE_STRING argument.
+   * @return An Option containing the string value, or None if the type is wrong or value is null.
+   */
+  inline fn MessageIterGetString(MessageIter* iter) -> Option<String> {
+    if (MessageIterGetArgType(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
+      const char* strPtr = nullptr;
+      MessageIterGetBasic(iter, static_cast<void*>(&strPtr));
+      if (strPtr)
+        return String(strPtr);
+    }
+
+    return None;
+  }
+} // namespace dbus
+
+#endif // __linux__

src/wrappers/wayland.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <wayland-client.h>
+#ifdef __linux__
+
+// clang-format off
+#include <wayland-client.h> // Wayland client library
 
 #include "src/core/util/defs.hpp"
 #include "src/core/util/types.hpp"
+// clang-format on
 
 struct wl_display;
 
@@ -56,3 +60,5 @@ namespace wl {
     [[nodiscard]] fn fd() const -> util::types::i32 { return get_fd(m_Display); }
   };
 } // namespace wl
+
+#endif // __linux__

src/wrappers/xcb.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <xcb/xcb.h>
+#ifdef __linux__
+
+// clang-format off
+#include <xcb/xcb.h> // XCB library
 
 #include "src/core/util/defs.hpp"
 #include "src/core/util/types.hpp"
+// clang-format on
 
 namespace xcb {
   using util::types::u8, util::types::i32, util::types::CStr, util::types::None;
@@ -166,3 +170,5 @@ namespace xcb {
     [[nodiscard]] fn operator*() const->T& { return *m_Reply; }
   };
 } // namespace xcb
+
+#endif // __linux__